The recent discovery of an ancient family of toll-like receptors (TLRs) in the immune system has substantially enhanced the potential for a variety of therapies, for both failing immune systems, which leaves the body open to infection or over-active ones, which can lead to chronic inflammation. Signaling by Toll-Like Receptors provides a comprehensive review of important techniques in molecular biology, cell biology, biochemistry, genetics, and immunology and their critical application to the study of toll-like receptor structure, biological function, and the intracellular signaling triggered by these receptors, as well as the high promise for uncovering effective pharmaceutica